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Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. The word derives from the Greek: (pharmakon), meaning "drug" or "medicine". The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more modern services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore, are the experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize medication use to provide patients with positive health outcomes. An establishment in which pharmacy (in the first sense) is practiced is called a pharmacy, chemist's or drug store. In the United States and Canada, drug stores commonly sell not only medicines, but also miscellaneous items such as candy (sweets), cosmetics, and magazines, as well as light refreshments or groceries.

Thursday, May 3, 2012

Fate of Amino Acid Nitrogen: Urea Cycle

  • Amino acid catabolism will generate urea, a nontoxic carrier of nitrogen atoms.
  • Urea synthesis occurs in the liver. The amino acids alanine and glutamine will carry amino acid nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver.
  • Key enzymes involved in nitrogen disposal are transaminases, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glutaminase.
  • The urea cycle consists of four steps and incorporates a nitrogen from ammonia and one from aspartate into urea.
  • Disorders of the urea cycle lead to hyperammonemia, a condition toxic to the nervous system, health, and development.
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